In 2023, Indonesia experienced a 27% rise in primary forest loss compared to the previous year, attributed to deforestation for palm oil, paper plantations, and mining, particularly for nickel crucial for the green energy transition. Despite the increase, the deforestation rate is lower than in the past decade, according to the World Resources Institute. Indonesia, home to the world's third-largest rainforest, has lost over 74 million hectares of rainforest since 1950 primarily due to palm oil, paper, rubber plantations, and nickel mining.
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